• Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? 

      Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Ek, Malin; Pepi, Adam A.; Ims, Rolf Anker (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-04)
      <p>1.The boreal biome exhibits distinct alternative ecosystem states with high and low levels of tree cover. Insect outbreaks facilitated by climate warming could potentially drive transitions from high to low tree cover states. We investigated whether two key premises for such outbreak‐induced transitions – critical thresholds (tipping points) and positive feedbacks that could maintain alternative ...
    • Cyclically outbreaking geometrid moths in sub-arctic mountain birch forest: the organization and impacts of their interactions with animal communities 

      Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-01-09)
      In sub-arctic mountain birch forest in northern Fennoscandia, the 2 geometrid moth species Epirrita autumnata (autumnal moth) and Operophtera brumata (winter moth) show high-amplitude population cycles with regular 10-year periodicity. During some population peaks, moth populations attain outbreak densities and cause region-wide defoliation and mortality of mountain birch. The severity and duration ...
    • Ecological stoichiometry and nutrient partitioning in two insect herbivores responsible for large-scale forest disturbance in the Fennoscandian subarctic 

      Metcalfe, Daniel B.; Cherif, Mehdi; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Kristensen, Jeppe Å.; Belsing, Ulrika (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-04)
      <p>1. Outbreaks of herbivorous insects can have large impacts on regional soil carbon (C) storage and nutrient cycling. In northernmost Europe, population outbreaks of several geometrid moth species regularly cause large‐scale defoliation in subarctic birch forests. An improved understanding is required of how leaf C and nutrients are processed after ingestion by herbivores and what this means for ...
    • Elevationally biased avian predation as a contributor to the spatial distribution of geometrid moth outbreaks in sub-arctic mountain birch forest 

      Pepi, Adam A.; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Ek, Malin; Jepsen, Jane Uhd (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-03)
      1. Population dynamics and interactions that vary over a species’ range are of particular importance in the context of latitudinal clines in biological diversity.Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) and autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) are two species of eruptive geometrids that vary widely in outbreak tendency over their range, which generally increases from south to north and with elevation. 2. ...
    • Environmental conditions alter successional trajectories on an ephemeral resource: a field experiment with beetles in dead wood 

      Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Birkemoe, Tone; Ims, Rolf Anker; Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-07)
      Successional processes can be observed for many organisms and resources, but most studies of succession have focused on plants. A general framework has been proposed, advocating that successional patterns in species turnover are predominantly driven by competition, dispersal or abiotic limitation, and that the patterning of species accumulation over time gives clues to which process is most influential ...
    • Northern expansion is not compensating for southern declines in North American boreal forests 

      Rotbarth, Ronny; Van Nes, Egbert H.; Scheffer, Marten; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Xu, Chi; Holmgren, Milena (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-06-08)
      Climate change is expected to shift the boreal biome northward through expansion at the northern and contraction at the southern boundary respectively. However, biome-scale evidence of such a shift is rare. Here, we used remotely-sensed tree cover data to quantify temporal changes across theNorth American boreal biome from 2000 to . 2019. We reveal a strong northsouth asymmetry in tree cover change, ...
    • Northern Fennoscandia via the British Isles: evidence for a novel postglacial recolonization route by winter moth (Operophtera brumata) 

      Andersen, Jeremy C.; Havill, Nathan P.; Griffin, Brian P.; Jepsen, Jane U.; Hagen, Snorre B.; Klemola, Tero; Barrio, Isabel C.; Kjeldgaard, Sofie A.; Høye, Toke T.; Murlis, John; Baranchikov, Yuri N.; Selikhovkin, Andrey V.; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Caccone, Adalgisa; Elkinton, J (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      The frequency and severity of outbreaks by pestiferous insects is increasing globally, likely as a result of human-mediated introductions of non-native organisms. However, it is not always apparent whether an outbreak is the result of a recent introduction of an evolutionarily naïve population, or of recent disturbance acting on an existing population that arrived previously during natural range ...
    • A pioneering pest: the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) is expanding its outbreak range into Low Arctic shrub tundra 

      Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Molvig, Helge; Ims, Rolf Anker (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-01)
      Climate warming allows generalist boreal consumers to expand into Arctic ecosystems. We present experimental and observational field data showing that a generalist boreal insect pest—the winter moth (Operophtera brumata Linnaeus, 1758)—is expanding its outbreak range out of the northern boreal mountain birch forest in northeast Fennoscandia and into the adjacent Low Arctic shrub tundra. This is the ...
    • Populasjonssykluser hos bjørkemålere – små dyr med enorme svingninger 

      Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Jepsen, Jane Uhd (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-27)
      Fjellbjørkemåler og liten frostmåler er to nattsommerfugler som har sykliske populasjonssvingninger i fjellbjørkeskogen i Skandinavia. Populasjonstopper kommer med omtrent ti års mellomrom, og tettheten av målere i toppår kan være flere tusen ganger høyere enn i bunnår. Selv om syklusene er godt beskrevet ved hjelp av lange tidsserier er årsaken til svingningene dårlig forstått. Antibeitestoffer hos ...
    • Resistance of a sub-arctic bird community to severe forest damage caused by geometrid moth outbreaks 

      Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Ims, Rolf Anker; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-05-01)
      Outbreaks by geometrid moths periodically cause mass mortality of trees and state changes in understorey vegetation in sub-arctic mountain birch forest in northern Scandinavia. In order to assess the short-term impacts of such disturbance on forest bird communities, we took bird censuses in forest where almost all birch trees had been killed by moth outbreaks 2–4 years before the study and in ...
    • Salvage logging of mountain birch after geometrid outbreaks: Ecological context determines management outcomes 

      Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Klinghardt, Moritz; Ek, Malin; Ims, Rolf Anker (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-12-01)
      Outbreaks of pest insects occasionally cause mortality of entire forest stands. Salvage logging of affected stands is the most common management response to such events. Logging may aid stand recovery by increasing the production and establishment of saplings, or stimulating the production of basal sprouts in sprouting tree species. However, the outcome of logging may depend on the ecological ...
    • Skogens helsetilstand i Norge. Resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i 2017 

      Timmermann, Volkmar; Andreassen, Kjell; Brurberg, May Bente; Clarke, Nicholas; Herrero, Maria-Luz; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2018)
      Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter ...
    • Skogens helsetilstand i Norge. Resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i 2020 

      Timmermann, Volkmar; Beachell, Andreas Myki; Brurberg, May Bente; Børja, Isabella; Clarke, Nicholas; Fløistad, Inger; Hietala, Ari Mikko; Hylen, Gro; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Nordbakken, Jørn-Frode; Pettersson, Martin; Solberg, Sverre; Solheim, Halvor; Talgø, Venche; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Økland, Bjørn; Aas, Wenche (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2021-10-25)
      Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter ...
    • Skogens helsetilstand i Norge. Resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i 2021 

      Timmermann, Volkmar; Børja, Isabella; Clarke, Nicholas; Eriksen, Rune; Gohli, Jostein; Hylen, Gro; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Krokene, Paal; Lange, Holger; Meissner, Helge Rainer; Nagy, Nina Elisabeth; Nordbakken, Jørn-Frode; Solberg, Sverre; Solheim, Halvor; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Økland, Bjørn; Aas, Wenche (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2023-03-08)
      Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter ...
    • Skogens helsetilstand i Norge. Resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i 2022 

      Timmermann, Volkmar; Børja, Isabella; Clarke, Nicholas; Gohli, Jostein; Hietala, Ari Mikko; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Krokene, Paal; Lislegård, Harald Haga; Nagy, Nina Elisabeth; Nyeggen, Hans; Solberg, Sverre; Solheim, Halvor; Solvin, Thomas Mørtvedt; Svensson, Arvid; Tollefsrud, Mari Mette; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Økland, Bjørn; Aas, Wenche (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2023-11-17)
      Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter ...
    • Spatial synchrony in sub-arctic geometrid moth outbreaks reflects dispersal in larval and adult life cycle stages 

      Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles; Bjørnstad, Ottar Nordal; Mesquita, Michel d. S.; Ims, Rolf Anker (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-08)
      <OL> <LI>Spatial synchrony in population dynamics can be caused by dispersal or spatially correlated variation in environmental factors like weather (Moran effect). Distinguishing between these mechanisms is challenging for natural populations, and the study of dispersal‐induced synchrony in particular has been dominated by theoretical modelling and laboratory experiments. <LI>The goal of the ...